by; Nur Khaerat Nur, Syahdan, Hasmar Halim
Department of Civil Engineering, Fajar University, Makassar, Indonesia
Department of Civil Engineering, Politecnik State of Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia
Published under licence by Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences
Abstract
Balang Tonjong Antang Traditional Market is one of the traditional markets in the city of Makassar. The problem in this research area indicates a decrease in road performance that is characterized by frequent congestion on the road. This study aims to determine how the road performance affects side barriers depending on market activity. The components studied in this study are traffic flow, side barriers, vehicle speed, and average. The 1997 MKJI method was used in this study as an analytical technique to determine the traffic volume/hour (pcu/hour), the frequency of side barriers weights/hour, road capacity (C), degree of saturation (DS), and road service level (LOS), the results of the analysis at the location of this study indicate the average side obstacle class as High (H) (500-899), the road service level (LOS) is in class D. The average vehicle speed due to side barriers is 11.19 km/hour. Side barriers in this study greatly affect road performance on the Antang Raya road section, precisely in front of the Balang Tonjong traditional market.
Keywords: side obstacle, traditional market, on-road performance.
侧面障碍物对巴朗通宗安塘传统市场活动、道路性能的影响 摘要：巴朗通宗安塘传统市场是望加锡市的传统市场之一。该研究领域的问题表明道路性能 下降，其特征是道路上频繁拥堵。本研究旨在确定道路性能如何因市场活动的侧面障碍而受到影 响。本研究中研究的组成部分是交通流量、侧障碍、车辆速度和平均值。本研究中使用的分析方 法使用 1997 MKJI 方法来确定交通量/小时 (控制器/小时), 侧障碍重量/小时的频率、道路通行能 力 (C)、饱和度 (DS) 和道路服务水平（服务水平），本研究地点的分析结果表明平均侧障碍等 级为高（H）（500-899），道路服务水平（服务水平）为 D 级。侧面障碍物的速度为 11.19 公 里/小时。本研究中的侧障极大地影响了 安塘开斋节路段的道路性能，正好位于 巴朗通宗传统市 场的前面。 关键词：侧面障碍，传统市场，公路性能。
1. Introduction
Roads are the most important element in realizing economic growth in Indonesia to achieve dynamic stability; the performance of roads and road capacity in Indonesia really needs attention. What is meant by road performance is the ability of the road to the extent to which the road can carry out its role. The road service level provides an interest in traffic generation, which we can see with the standard of road capacity in the category of road service level [1], [2].
Antang Raya in Makassar is a very important and strategic road whose function is as a primary collector road. Primary collector roads connect provincial capital cities with district/city roads. The capacity of the road must be greater than the average traffic volume.
Roads are the most important element in realizing economic growth in Indonesia to achieve dynamic stability; the performance of roads and road capacity in Indonesia really needs attention. What is meant by road performance is the ability of the road to the extent to which the road can carry out its role. The road service level provides an interest in traffic generation, which we can see with the standard of road capacity in the category of road service level [1], [2].
Antang Raya in Makassar is a very important and strategic road whose function is as a primary collector road. Primary collector roads connect provincial capital cities with district/city roads. The capacity of the road must be greater than the average traffic volume.
Traffic jams that may often arise on the Antang
highway in front of the Balang Tonjong traditional
market can disrupt community activities. Congestion that
may often occur at this time can negatively impact both
on-road users and other vehicle drivers; congestion will
definitely create tension (stress). Congestion will also
appear as if there can be a negative impact from the
economic side, the loss of time because the driver's
journey is getting slower, besides that it will also be able
to trigger negative effects such as vehicle noise
disturbances on residents around the road that are
experiencing congestion. Based on the author's initial follow-up, at the location
to be researched, there are vehicle activities that stop on
the road, parking on the road, pedestrian activities using
the road, vehicles entering and leaving the market and
slow-moving vehicles, vehicles that have the potential to
cause side barriers and disrupt the performance of the
Antang Raya road, which is located around the Balang
Tonjong Antang traditional market. Seeing the potential
losses that can be caused by the presence of side barriers
to the activities of the Balang Tonjong Traditional
Market on Jalan Antang Raya, the researchers then tried
to take the title of the research on "The Effect of Side
Barriers to Activities of Balang Tonjong Traditional
Market, Antang on Road Performance".
2. Research Objectives and Problem
Formulation
2.1. Destination
How is the performance of the Antang Raya road due
to the side barriers of Balang Tonjong traditional market
activities?
2.2. Hypothesis
To determine the performance of the Antang Raya road due to side barriers to the activities of the Balang Tonjong traditional market.
To determine the performance of the Antang Raya road due to side barriers to the activities of the Balang Tonjong traditional market.
3. Literature Review
The road is a means of land transportation covering
all parts of the road, including complimentary road
buildings that have been designated for traffic, which are
located above ground level and above ground, water,
except for railway lines, lorry lines, and cable roads [3].
Traffic facilities and infrastructure, including road
markings, traffic signal lights, and road user safety and
road support facilities, are supporting infrastructure for
the safety of road users, which are included in traffic
infrastructure [12]. Roads are grouped according to their
status, namely arterial, collector, local, and
environmental roads [5].
hysically, a market is a place of concentration for
several permanent and non-permanent traders. The
market is also usually in an enclosed or open space or on
the street. Traders usually occupy the market in their
respective buildings available in the market area,
temporary, semi-permanent, or permanent buildings. The
markets can also be divided into general and special
markets [11].
The traffic congestion factor that usually occurs when
observed on-road services is considered according to
traffic conditions that are not running stable. The average
speed of traffic starts to slow because of obstacles that
interfere with existing road capacity so that traffic
vehicles freedom of movement is somewhat decreased.
In this situation, the volume-capacity situation is greater
than or equal to 0.75 V/C > 0.75; if the service level has
reached E, the traffic flow becomes unstable, resulting in
a long delay called a traffic jam [9]. Congestion increases
when the current is so high that the vehicles are very
close to each other. Total congestion occurs when the
vehicle must stop or move slowly [8].
Speed is the speed of a trip which is generally
expressed in km/hour.
Speed and travel time are
fundamental measures of traffic performance of the
existing road system, and speed is a key factor in
redevelopment or new construction. Traffic simulation
evaluates travel speed and speed to measure
performance, layout, demand, and monitoring of road
systems [10]. Space differences are caused by traffic
variations, geometric design, and traffic control.
differences by vehicle type (intermodal) are caused by
differences in driver plans, vehicle performance
capabilities, and road segment performance [6].
The capacity of a road segment is defined as the highest number of vehicles that can traverse a road segment per hour, in one direction for a two-lane road with a median or two-way total for a two-way road, for a certain unit of time under road and traffic conditions [13]. From the degree of saturation, it can be known whether the road segment will have adequate capacity or not. According to the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual [1], The performance of a road segment can be determined, the extent to which the capacity of a road can carry out its functions [7], where according to the 1997 MKJI used as a parameter is the degree of saturation (DS).
4. Research Methods
4.1. Research Place and Time
This research was carried out on Jalan Antang Raya,
precisely in front of the Balang Tonjong Antang
traditional market, Makassar City, South Sulawesi.
The time that will be used for this research will be
carried out when the preliminary survey is completed;
data collection will be carried out for 1 (one) week,
namely Monday to Sunday, research hours are carried
out from 07:00 to 18:00 with an interval of 15 minutes,
with a time of 07:00 – 18:00 WITA.
4.2. Method of Data Collection
Primary Data, namely data obtained when conducting
a survey when research will be carried out in the field.
This data includes
a. Road geometric conditions, road cross-sections,
road situation maps.
b. Traffic volume and traffic speed.
c. The side barriers of activities used to analyze road
capacity, types of vehicles to be observed are pedestrians
(PED), parking and stopping vehicles (PSV), vehicles
entering or leaving the side of the road (EEV), slow
vehicles (SMV).
d. The condition of market activity used to analyze
the performance of the road segment. Types of vehicles
to be observed are motorcycles (MC), light vehicles (LV),
medium-heavy vehicles (HV).
Secondary data, supporting data in this study, namely
population data that can be obtained from relevant
agencies and regulatory books that apply in Indonesia,
which are the reference in conducting this research,
namely the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual [2].
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Traffic Volume The traffic volume that has been obtained in 1 week
of research on Monday - Sunday, April 26, 2021 - May 2,
2021, can be seen in Figure 1.
The results showed that the highest traffic volume
was on Saturday, May 1, 2021, at 2025 smp/hour, and the
lowest was on Sunday, May 2, 2021, at 1531 smp/hour.
5.2. Side Barriers (SF)
The total weight of side resistance (SF)/hour that has
been obtained in 1 week of research on Monday -
Sunday, April 26, 2021 - May 2, 2021, can be seen in
Figure 2.
The results showed that the highest side drag (SF) was
on Thursday, April 29, 2021, at 534.700 frequencies of
occurrence/hour, and the lowest on Tuesday, April 27,
2021, at 385.000 frequencies of occurrence/hour.
5.3. Speed (km/h)
The average speed that was obtained during one week
of research on Monday-Sunday, April 26, 2021 - May 2,
2021, can be seen in Table 1.
5.4. Capacity
The results of the capacity (C) data processing that
were obtained during one week of research on MondaySunday, April 26, 2021 - May 2, 2021, are given in Table
2.
The data processing resulted in the lowest capacity of
2169.780 smp/hour and the highest of 2321.160
smp/hour.
5.5. Degree of Saturation (DS)
The results of data processing of the degree of
saturation (DS) that were obtained during one week of
research on Monday-Sunday, April 26, 2021 - May 2,
2021, are given in Table 3.
The analysis of the degree of saturation (DS) revealed
the highest result on Monday, April 26, 2021, the value
of the degree of saturation was 0.91, and the lowest
(0.71) was on Sunday, May 2, 2021.
5.6. Road Service Level (LOS)
The results of the level of road service that were
obtained during one week of research on MondaySunday, April 26, 2021 - May 2, 2021, are given below:
a). Monday, April 26, 2021, 0.91, According to [1], if
the value varies within 0.85 – 2.00, it is categorized as
(E) a traffic jam, the speed is low.
b). Tuesday, April 27, 2021, 0.71, According to [2], if
the value varies within 0.45 – 0.74, it is categorized as a
value of (C) stable flow, the traffic starts to get crowded
with limited speed.
c). Wednesday, April 28, 2021, 0.74, According to [2],
if the value varies within 0.45 – 0.74, it is categorized as
a value of (C) stable flow, the traffic starts to get busy
with limited speed.
d). Thursday, April 29, 2021, 0.75, According to [2],
if the value varies within 0.75 – 0.84, it is categorized as
a (D) traffic saturation value, the speed starts to lower.
e). Friday, April 30, 2021, 0.81, According to [2], if
the value varies within 0.75 – 0.84, it is categorized as a
(D) traffic saturation value, the speed starts to lower.
f). Saturday, May 1, 2021, 0.87, According to [2], if
the value varies within 0.85 – 2.00, it is categorized as a
(E) traffic jam, the speed is low.
g). Sunday, May 2, 2021, 0.71, According to [2], if
the value varies within 0.45 – 0.74, it is categorized as a
(C) stable flow, the traffic starts to get crowded with
limited speed.
6. Conclusions
Jalan Antang Raya, in front of the Balang Tonjong
Makassar traditional market, is experiencing problems
with its performance due to side barriers that reduce road
capacity, the results of this study are the highest average
service level (LOS) of 0.91 on Monday, April 26, 2021,
and the lowest on Monday, Sunday, May 2, 2021, is 0.71,
the average speed of vehicles on Monday to Sunday is
11.19 km/hour, and the largest traffic volume is found on
Saturday, May 1, 2021, with a total volume of 2.025
smp/hour and the lowest on Sunday with a total volume
of 1.531 pcu/hour.
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